What is the term used for the point from which measurements are made in surveying?

The term used for the point from which measurements are made in surveying is "Datum." This refers to a fixed reference point or surface against which measurements are compared or derived. In the context of surveying, a datum serves as the baseline for determining elevations and horizontal positions. It provides standardization, allowing for consistency and accuracy in measurements across different locations.

While a benchmark can also serve as a fixed reference point for elevation, it is typically a physical marker established at a known elevation. A reference point is a broader term that can also apply in various contexts. A stake, on the other hand, is a temporary marker used to indicate a specific spot but does not inherently provide a standardized reference for measuring other locations. Therefore, "Datum" is the most precise term in the context of establishing a measurement baseline in surveying.